ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the prevalence of common mental disorders (CMD) assessed with the Self Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20), using the established cutoff point, and comparing it with the results of a joint correspondence factor analysis (CFA) and cluster analysis and of a latent class analysis (LCA). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in an urban sample of 1,095 women aged 19 to 55 years. Joint CFA-cluster analysis and LCA were used. Results: We found a high prevalence of CMD, regardless of classification method (37.6% when using the cutoff point; 44.4% and 52% for LCA and joint CFA-cluster, respectively). The alternative analysis strategies describe the cases more efficiently when compared to the traditional cutoff method, especially regarding more severe symptoms. Both alternative strategies also provide a description of the SRQ-20 dimensions in their particularities, which may be useful for the planning and implementation of specific actions in a given population. Conclusion: The SRQ-20 cutoff point seems to underestimate the magnitude of CMD among women. The alternative methods of analysis presented herein highlight the different possibilities of using this important instrument of screening for mental health.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Mental Disorders/diagnosis , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Socioeconomic Factors , Urban Population , Brazil/epidemiology , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Factor Analysis, Statistical , Self Report , Mental Disorders/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Objective: To identify the prevalence of internalizing and externalizing behavior problems among preschoolers from the city of Salvador, state of Bahia, Brazil, and their associations with maternal mental health and family characteristics. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 349 children aged 49 to 72 months, randomly selected from 20,000 households representing the range of socioeconomic and environmental conditions in Salvador. In 1999, we assessed sociodemographic variables and family environment characteristics. In 2001, we used the Child Behavior Checklist to measure and describe the frequencies of behavior problems. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analysis to estimate associations between family and maternal factors and prevalence of behavior problems. Results: The overall prevalence of behavior problems was 23.5%. The prevalence of internalizing problems was 9.7%, and that of externalizing problems, 25.2%. Behavior problems were associated with several maternal mental health variables, namely: presence of at least one psychiatric diagnosis (odds radio [OR] 3.01, 95%CI 1.75-5.18), anxiety disorder (OR 2.06, 95%CI 1.20-3.46), affective disorder (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.21-3.65), and mental health disorders due to use of psychoactive substances (OR 2.31, 95%CI 1.18-4.55). Conclusion: The observed prevalence of child behavior problems fell within the range reported in previous studies. Maternal mental health is an important risk factor for behavior problems in preschool-aged children.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child, Preschool , Child , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Mental Health/statistics & numerical data , Mental Disorders/epidemiology , Mothers/psychology , Social Environment , Brazil , Child Behavior Disorders/psychology , Family Characteristics , Prevalence , Cross-Sectional Studies , Risk Factors , Mental Disorders/psychology , Mother-Child Relations , Mothers/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Verificar a direção e a magnitude da associação entre desnutrição e baixo desempenho cognitivo. Além disso, avaliar a influência da violência familiar nessa relação. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal em que participaram estudantes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 7 e 14 anos, provenientes da rede pública do ensino fundamental. O teste das matrizes progressivas de Raven foi utilizado para mensurar desenvolvimento cognitivo; as escalas táticas de conflito revisadas, para mensurar a violência familiar; e o índice de massa corporal, para diagnóstico do estado nutricional. Foram ainda obtidas informações socioeconômicas e aquelas referentes ao consumo alimentar. A desnutrição foi classificada com base no índice de massa corporal < percentil 3; o baixo nível cognitivo, nos resultados do Raven < percentil 25. Considerou-se caso de violência familiar uma resposta positiva a qualquer um dos atos de violência física grave durante os últimos 12 meses. A magnitude das associações de interesses foi expressa em razão de prevalência e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%. RESULTADOS: Identificou-se que 63,3% dos participantes encontravam-se com desenvolvimento intelectual abaixo da média. A desnutrição foi identificada em 9,5%. Os dados revelaram a influencia negativa da desnutrição sobre o baixo desempenho cognitivo (razão de prevalência ajustada= 1,60; intervalo de confiança de 95% = 1,01-2,52; p = 0,042), associação observada quando ajustada pela exposição a violência doméstica e idade. CONCLUSÃO: Constatou-se associação entre desnutrição e desenvolvimento intelectual abaixo da média, a qual é influenciada pela violência familiar, o que deve ser levado em consideração na abordagem do problema.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the size and direction of the association between malnutrition and low cognitive performance and to evaluate the effect of domestic violence on this association. METHODS: This cross-sectional study enrolled students of both sexes, aged 7 to 14 years old, attending public elementary schools. The Raven's Progressive Matrices Test was used to measure cognitive development, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), to measure domestic violence, and the body mass index (BMI) for age and sex, to define anthropometric indices. Socioeconomic data and information about food intake were also collected. Malnutrition was defined as BMI < 3rd percentile. Cognitive deficit was defined when the results of Raven's test were < 25th percentile. Family violence was defined as a positive answer in at least one item about severe physical violence in the last 12 months. The size of the associations of interest was expressed as prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (95%CI). RESULTS: Below-average intellectual development was found for 63.3% of the participants. Malnutrition was identified in 9.5%. Malnutrition had a negative effect on cognitive performance (adjusted prevalence ratio [:aPR]:=1.60, 95% CI = 1.01 - 2.52; p = 0.042) when adjusted for the association between exposure to domestic violence and age. CONCLUSION: The association between malnutrition and below-average intellectual development found in this study was affected by domestic violence, which must be taken into account when addressing the problem.